Nazar Bazmi's Notes

January 26, 2018February 20, 2023

Questions with Short Answers of Literary Theories and Criticism

What is meant by signifier?

A signifier is a sign (symbol, image or gesture), sound or word which signified something. The word “tree” is a signifier and signifies the real object tree or the concept of tree.

Define repression?

Repression in Psychology is restricting the disturbing thoughts, impulses and desires from conscious mind and drives them to unconscious mind.

Name the three parts of human psyche?

According to Sigmund Freud the three parts of human psyche are id, ego and superego.These parts of human psyche developed the complex behavior of a person.

How meanings are described in Deconstruction theory?

In Deconstruction theory the meanings were taught always uncertain and in this theory they got plurality of meaning through decentering the text.

What is the difference between determinate and indeterminate meaning?

Determinate meanings are unquestionably settled, fixed and have defined limits but indeterminate meanings are not fixed, vague and have no defined limits.

January 22, 2018January 29, 2023

Short Answers of Juno and the Paycock by Sean O’Casey

Write a note on the technical devices used by O Casey in ‘Juno and The Paycock’?

The technical devices used by Sean O Casey in “Juno and The Paycock” are irony and wit, pathos and horror, symbols and mythology.

How can we justify ‘Juno and the paycock’ as a tragi-comedy? Discuss briefly.

“Juno and the Paycock” is mixer of tragic and comic elements. Tragic elements are murder of Robbie, funeral of Robbie, Johnny character, Mary’s pregnancy, will did not fulfill, Johnny murder and Juno and Mary leave the home. Comic elements are Character of Boyle, character of Joxer, Johnny’s tension about the light that lit or not and the most comic event is when Joxer is hanging with window during this Boyle and Juno dancing.

Define melodrama?

Melodrama is a minor genre of drama. According to Dictionary of Literary Terms “A drama which relies on sensational happenings, violent action and improbable events. Originally melodrama meant a play with music, including early opera”.

What is O’Casey’s message about war and violence?

Sean O’Casey is against war and violence. In the play “Juno and the Paycock” he criticizes the war and violence presenting the effects of war on individual and families like Mrs. Tancred and Juno’s family. The individual like Johnny shows the irrationality of the war.

January 21, 2018January 29, 2023

Short Answers of Murder in the Cathedral by T.S. Eliot

What does the chorus comprise of in the “Murder in the Cathedral”?

The chorus comprise of Canterbury’s poor, common and plain women. These women are catholic and respect the Archbishop in the “Murder in The Cathedral”.

What does the chorus claim is their purpose in the action of the play?

In the play “Murder in the Cathedral” the major purpose of the chorus here to develop the action of the play. Chorus also witness the events, indicates the fore coming events, play initiated. And drama ended by chorus. Chorus functions as critic and reformer.

In what ways is the play “Murder in The Cathedral” pessimistic and optimistic?

“Murder in the Cathedral” is a Christian drama. In which, Thomas Becket murdered but secured the spiritual path for those who will come after him. Here Becket’s thought is optimistic.
It is pessimistic because Eliot depicts the life of suffering. Through the chorus’ pessimistic speeches, life of Becket, life of Canterbury’s women and the speeches of priests.

Who is singing in the play ‘Murder in The Cathedral’ when it opens?

Canterbury’s poor, common and plain women in the shape of chorus singing in the play “Murder in The Cathedral” when it opens.