Nazar Bazmi's Notes

January 26, 2018November 22, 2023

Questions with Short Answers of Literary Theories and Criticism

What is meant by signifier?

A signifier is a sign (symbol, image or gesture), sound or word which signified something. The word “tree” is a signifier and signifies the real object tree or the concept of tree.

Define repression?

Repression in Psychology is restricting the disturbing thoughts, impulses and desires from conscious mind and drives them to unconscious mind.

Name the three parts of human psyche?

According to Sigmund Freud the three parts of human psyche are id, ego and superego.These parts of human psyche developed the complex behavior of a person.

How meanings are described in Deconstruction theory?

In Deconstruction theory the meanings were taught always uncertain and in this theory they got plurality of meaning through decentering the text.

What is the difference between determinate and indeterminate meaning?

Determinate meanings are unquestionably settled, fixed and have defined limits but indeterminate meanings are not fixed, vague and have no defined limits.

January 22, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Answers of Juno and the Paycock by Sean O’Casey

Write a note on the technical devices used by O Casey in ‘Juno and The Paycock’?

The technical devices used by Sean O Casey in “Juno and The Paycock” are irony and wit, pathos and horror, symbols and mythology.

How can we justify ‘Juno and the paycock’ as a tragi-comedy? Discuss briefly.

“Juno and the Paycock” is mixer of tragic and comic elements. Tragic elements are murder of Robbie, funeral of Robbie, Johnny character, Mary’s pregnancy, will did not fulfill, Johnny murder and Juno and Mary leave the home. Comic elements are Character of Boyle, character of Joxer, Johnny’s tension about the light that lit or not and the most comic event is when Joxer is hanging with window during this Boyle and Juno dancing.

Define melodrama?

Melodrama is a minor genre of drama. According to Dictionary of Literary Terms “A drama which relies on sensational happenings, violent action and improbable events. Originally melodrama meant a play with music, including early opera”.

What is O’Casey’s message about war and violence?

Sean O’Casey is against war and violence. In the play “Juno and the Paycock” he criticizes the war and violence presenting the effects of war on individual and families like Mrs. Tancred and Juno’s family. The individual like Johnny shows the irrationality of the war.

January 21, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Answers of Murder in the Cathedral by T.S. Eliot

What does the chorus comprise of in the “Murder in the Cathedral”?

The chorus comprise of Canterbury’s poor, common and plain women. These women are catholic and respect the Archbishop in the “Murder in The Cathedral”.

What does the chorus claim is their purpose in the action of the play?

In the play “Murder in the Cathedral” the major purpose of the chorus here to develop the action of the play. Chorus also witness the events, indicates the fore coming events, play initiated. And drama ended by chorus. Chorus functions as critic and reformer.

In what ways is the play “Murder in The Cathedral” pessimistic and optimistic?

“Murder in the Cathedral” is a Christian drama. In which, Thomas Becket murdered but secured the spiritual path for those who will come after him. Here Becket’s thought is optimistic.
It is pessimistic because Eliot depicts the life of suffering. Through the chorus’ pessimistic speeches, life of Becket, life of Canterbury’s women and the speeches of priests.

Who is singing in the play ‘Murder in The Cathedral’ when it opens?

Canterbury’s poor, common and plain women in the shape of chorus singing in the play “Murder in The Cathedral” when it opens.

January 20, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Answers of Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidwa

Introduction: Short answers of Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidwa a Novel includes questions with short answers. And important terms definitions that used in the novel Crow Eaters.

What is the symbolic meaning of Crow Eaters?

Crow Eaters in Hindi and Urdu language means to be talkative. Parsi people are talkative so, Crow Eaters here symbolizes the Parsi’s culture.

Why Faredoon hated his mother-in-law?

Faredoon hated his mother-in-law whose name was Jerbano. Because, she interrupted each and every work of Faredoon in home.

What was the name of Anglo-Indian girl or beloved of Yazdi?

The name of the Anglo-Indian girl and beloved of Yazdi was Rose Watson. Who was a part times prostitute.

Whom the Parsi people worshiped?

Parsi people worshiped the fire and Ahura Mazda is their highest priest. They follow the prophet Zorothastra and read the holy book Vindidad.

How many communities are presented in the “Crow Eaters”?

Parsi community, Muslim community, Hindu community and English community are presented in the “Crow Eaters”.

January 19, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Answers of History of Western Civilization

How can “Hellenic” be differentiated from “Hellenistic”?

“Hellenic” means the ancient Greek culture or civilization before the death of Alexander the Great and “Hellenistic” means the culture or civilization of Greek with fusion of Persian culture after the death of Alexander the Great.

Who was Thales?

Thales (624BC-546BC) belongs to Miletus (Millet Turkey) and was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.

How would you define “animism”?

“Animism” is one religious belief about things, objects; creatures, places and universe possess soul or spirit.

How would you define “Lutheranism”?

Martin Luther (1483-1546) was the founder of “Lutheranism”. He believed that salvation was to be attained through faith and Bible is the ultimate authority not Pope. It is against the Roman Church and foundation of Protestants.

Who was Cromwell?

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was an English military leader later he served as Lord Protector of Common Wealth.

January 18, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Questions with Answers of ‘Lord of the Flies’ by William Golding.

Introduction: Questions with Short answers of the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding includes the important questions asked in different University examinations.

What are the two traits the every human soul possesses in view of Golding?

Good and evil are the two traits the every human soul possesses in view of Golding.

Which character has the strongest religious sensibility in Lord of The Flies?

Simon has strongest religious sensibility in ‘Lord of The Flies’. He is Christ like and saintly character.

Give symbolic illustration of title Lord of the Flies?

The pig’s head surrounded by flies called by Simon as Lord of the Flies, the Jack as lord and surrounded by other children like flies.

Which boy would rather hunt than build huts?

Jack would hunt rather than build huts. His motto is to providing the meat to children and showing his savagery and violence.

Where is Jack’s tribe headquarters?

Jack’s tribe headquarters is on the castle rock.

January 16, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Questions with Answers of ‘The Cherry Orchard’ by Anton Chekhov.

NOTE:

Here, I have updated the cherry orchard questions and answers. If you have any question about the drama The Cherry Orchard, please ask in the comments. Nazar Bazmi’s Notes

What are the sounds with which the cherry orchard ends?

The drama The Cherry Orchard ends with the sounds of ax falling on the trees.

What is the significance of the axes falling in ‘The Cherry Orchard’?

The significance of axes falling in ‘The Cherry Orchard’ is that it shows the end of cherry orchard. And end of feudalism and rise of capitalism.

What does Yepikhodov carry with him all the times?

Yepikhodov carry with him a revolver all the times. Just in case to kill oneself.

Why does Madame Ranevsky suffer much?

Madame Ranevsky suffer much in the Cherry Orchard. Because, of her luxurious life, her generosity, her refusal to accept capitalism. And also, her refusal to accept the truth of her past love.

Give a brief estimate of Yasha.

Yasha is grandson of Firs and a young man servant of Madame Ranevsky. He traveled to France and came back to Russia with Ranevsky. He exploits Dunyasha’s love for physical pleasure and he is very fond of cigar.

What does Charlotta’s character represent in “The Cherry Orchard”?

Charlotta Ivanovna is the governess to Anya. She is comedian, performing magic tricks and mocking their preoccupations which around her.

January 6, 2018November 22, 2023

Short Questions with Answers of TEFL

Introdution: Short Questions with Answers of TEFL ( Teaching of English as Foreign Language) explains effective principles, Classroom management, structural syllabus etc.

What are the effective principles of language teaching in Pakistan?

The effective principles of language teaching are provide maximum opportunity to learn. These maintain academic focus, have high expectations, show enthusiasm. And use different strategies for students motivation and productivity. As familiar to unfamiliar, easy to hard task and use clear instructions.

Should all the TEFL teacher be dynamic? Explain briefly.

Yes, should all the TEFL teacher be dynamic. Because, the learning material is rapidly changing. And use of technology in teaching learning process is increasing day by day.

Some vocabulary items are hard to teach than the others. Comment

Some unfamiliar vocabulary items are hard to teach than familiar items. Because, unfamiliar item needs different strategies to teach. Like etymology of words, words associations and synonyms antonyms.

List some factor affecting foreign language learning in Pakistan.

Factors affecting foreign language learning in Pakistan are many in numbers. The major factors are political instability, religious discrimination and non-availability of budgets. And also, non-availability of language laboratories and equipment.

How will you differentiate between TEFL and TESOL?

TEFL stands for Teaching of English as Foreign Language. It means teaching of English in a country where English is not native language. For example: teaching of English in Pakistan.
TESOL stands for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. It means the teaching of English to those people whose mother language is not English. They are either in English native countries or non-English native countries.