We have collected the old examination questions of
Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
Lord of Flies by William Golding
To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
and answered these questions as under.
We have posted these questions time to time on Nazar Bazmi’s Notes(nazarbazmi.com), here we have collected all links together as under
Note: If you have any question about Heart of Darkness questions and answers please ask in comment.
In the novel Heart of Darkness the protagonist Marlow travels through the river Congo to the center of the continent and return back. Congo River represents the movement towards the goal.
The women knitting with three threads present the goddess of fates and in Greek mythology; in the underworld fate of a man is made by three threads. Three threads represent the happiness, sadness and death.
Painting shows “A woman bearing a torch but her eyes was covered with cloth”. It represents the blind believe, Marlow’s thoughts and uncivilized behavior of Europeans who are civilizing the Africans.
Note: If you have any question about Aristotle’s concept of Tragic Plot, Please, ask in comments.
Aristotle was born at a Greek colonial town in 384 B.C. He was a philosopher, moralist, psychologist, logician and a literary critic. He was a student of philosophic school of Plato in early age but in his old age he himself run the school. And he died in 322 B.C.
We have collected the old examination questions of
Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift
Bacon Essays by Bacon
Unpopular Essays by Bertrand Russell
Introduction to Culture and Imperialism by Edward Said
Eminent Victorian by Lytton Strachey
Florence Nightingale and General Gordon
and answered these questions as under.
We have posted these questions time to time on Nazar Bazmi’s Notes(nazarbazmi.com), here we have collected all links together as under
In “The Mill on the Floss” the first half of the novel is concerned about the education of Tom and Maggie and differences of mode of education between Tom Tulliver and Maggie. The title of book two is School-Time also.
River generally symbolizes life but river Floss in this novel is the source of income and destruction for Tulliver’s family. River Floss also symbolizes Maggie’s character, the depth of Floss presents deep emotions of Maggie and unpredictable paths of Floss represent the Maggie’s thoughts.
As a whole Bob Jakin character is nice and cool. He helps Tom to earn money, he helps Tom family when they bankrupt and he gives books to Maggie are the major noble features of Bob Jakin .
Generally flood symbolizes destruction and in this novel it symbolizes the destruction of Tulliver family.
Short Answers of The Mill on the Floss by George EliotIntroduction : Short answers of drama The Tempest includes the questions and short answers.
Ariel is an airy spirit or spirit of the sea. He does every task from Prospero willingly, quickly and with enthusiasm. And he reports any activity he observes.
Antonio the younger brother of Prospero. With help of Alonso, who is the friend of Antonio and king of Naples dethrone him. Because, his brother is jealous, greedy and power thirsty.
When Prospero notices Ferdinand in love with Marinda. He speaks to himself and says “The real Duke of Milan and his far finer daughter could beat you in a heartbeat, if it were the right time”. And for examining his love for Marinda. He forced Ferdinand to do the hard work of logs stack.
Caliban is son of the witch Sycorax. And his mother has died. When Prospero came Caliban is the only creature on the island. Prospero enslaves him.
Short Answers of Tempest by ShakespeareIntroduction : Short Answer of Drama Othello by William Shakespeare. It includes questions and answers that asked in University Examinations.
Iago’s wife was Emilia. And she was attendant and companion of Desdemona in Cyprus. She was a young, virtuous and faithful wife and loyal to Desdemona also. She followed her husband in wifely duty. And at the end of the play she condemned her husband’s lies to protect Desdemona’s character.
In the last act Othello tells Desdemona that she is disloyal and he is going to stab her. Desdemona requests for mercy and claims her innocence but, he refuses and stab her.
Othello’s opinion about unexposed Iago is that he is kind and honest man. But. it is ironical because in reality he is opposite.
Brabantio was father of Desdemona. He dismayed about Desdemona when he realized that she has married to a moor Othello. The main reason was that Othello was a black and Moorish.
Short Answers of Othello by ShakespeareWe have collected the old examination questions of
Joseph Andrew by Fielding
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
Tess of D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy
The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot
and answered these questions as under.
We have posted these questions time to time on Nazar Bazmi’s Notes(nazarbazmi.com), here we have collected all links together as under
We have collected the old examination questions of
Oedipus Rex by Sophocles
Jew of Malta by ChristopherMarlowe
Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde
Othello by Shakespeare
Tempest by Shakespeare
and answered these questions as under.
We have posted these questions time to time on Nazar Bazmi’s Notes(nazarbazmi.com), here we have collected all links together as under
Mr. Hurst is the brother-in-law of Charles and Caroline Bingley. He is the husband of Louisa Hurst and appeared in the novel Pride and Prejudice.
Miss De Bourgh or Anne De Bourgh is the daughter of Lady Catherine. She is a sick and weak girl. Generally, she is a good-natured girl. She disapproves the union of Darcy and Elizabeth. Because, her mother wants Darcy to marry Anne De Brough.
Charles Bingley is the brother of Louisa Hurst and Caroline Bingley. He is Darcy’s best friend and husband of Jane Bennet. He was twenty-two years old when they came and reside in neighborhood of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet.
The original title of the novel was “First Impressions”. However, the manuscript was rejected by a publisher then refined and published as “Pride and Prejudice” in 1813.
Charlotte Lucas is the best friend of Elizabeth Bennet. She is an intelligent, sensible young woman of twenty-seven. She marries to Mr. Collins.
Short Answers of “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen.We have collected the old examination questions of
Paradise Lost by John Milton
FaerieQueenby Edmund Spenser
Prologue to the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
Sonnet by Shakespeare
Love and Divine Poems by John Donne
Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope
and answered these questions as under.
We have posted these questions time to time on Nazar Bazmi’s Notes(nazarbazmi.com), here we have collected all links together as under
Introduction: The Faerie Queene questions and answers by Edmund Spencer, poets’ poet also includes definitions of epic poem, allegory, Spenserian stanza and Alexandrine. You have any question about Poetry, The Faerie Queene questions and answers feels free to ask.
Lady Una appealed Queen Gloriana to help her because her father and mother enclose in a castle by a dragon. Queen Gloriana of Faerie Land has employed theRed Cross Knightto go with LadyUnato kill the dragon that is destroying the land and seizingUna’sparents imprisoned.
Archimagois a magician, deceitful and an antagonist next to Duessa. He is a magician skillful of varying his own look but at the end his magic is proven weak and unsuccessful.
In the annual twelve-day feast by Queen Gloriana, it is custom that anyone who is in trouble can appear before the court and ask for help. Lady Una complains that her parents are seized in a fortress by a dragon. The Red Cross Knight proposes to help her.
Archimago plays the role of a deceiver and a magician. He disguises himself as Red Cross Knight in an effort to get Una. He misguided the Una and Red Cross Knight through lies and false appearances.
On the appeal of Fair Lady Una, Queen Gloriana of the Faerie land sent Knight Red Cross to go with Lady Una to kill the dragon that seized the Unna’s parents in a fortress.
Introduction: Character sketch of Faredoon in the novel Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidwa. In this article the character of Faredoon is explained as presented in the Novel Crow Eaters.
Bapsi Sidwa is a writer of the novel “Crow Eaters”. She belongs to the Parsi (Zoroastrian) religion and born in Pakistan. She has written this novel “Crow Eaters” on Parsi religion and culture.
Fredoon is the main character and protagonist of the novel “Crow Eaters”. His complete name is Fredoon Junglewala. He was called Junglewala due to his previous village from where he came. He was migrated from the anonymous jungle of India to Lahore. His nickname is Freddy; it is from the name Fredoon.
He is a hard worker and clever man. When, he came from the anonymous jungle of India to Lahore, he was a penny less. And he started his business in Lahore. Due to his hard work, polite language and cleverness, he got money from the insurance company by deceiving them. And after getting the money he never looked back. At the end of the novel he was a very prosperous man in the Parsi community.
Jerbano is the major problem in his life. Jerbano who is his mother-in-law is disturbing him in each and every matter. Her disturbance becomes low only when she was afraid on the event. In which, Fredoon want to get the lock of her hairs, but she wakes up and give splash on the Fredoon’s face. She also disturbed the Tanya and the wife of Poe Allen, which is also problem for Fredoon.
Character Sketch of FaredoonIntroduction: Aristotle’s concept of Imitation is explained from Poetics point of view.
Plato gives the example of carpenter who is making a bed. The idea of bed in the mind of a carpenter is real and bed is copy of that idea. So the idea of nature by God is real and nature is copy and poet copy the nature, so poetry twice removed from reality. It is a “shadow of shadows“, “copy of copy“.
Aristotle’s concept of Imitation or Theory of Imitation is not mere copy but presentation of the ideal reality. Poet does not represent the outward appearance but represents deeper reality. A tragic poet represents the hero better than average which is representation of the idea of human nature, it is not mere representation of outward appearance. He says that poetry deals with ideal reality and the significance of poetic truth that is Universal, essential and permanent.
Aristotle says that poet is creator not mere copier.
In the kinds of fine arts like poetry, music and painting the medium of poetry and music is harmony and rhythm but the medium of painting is color and form. So, poetry linked with music not with painting. Language is also common element of poetry and music.
Aristotle’s theory of “Imitation”A signifier is a sign (symbol, image or gesture), sound or word which signified something. The word “tree” is a signifier and signifies the real object tree or the concept of tree.
Repression in Psychology is restricting the disturbing thoughts, impulses and desires from conscious mind and drives them to unconscious mind.
According to Sigmund Freud the three parts of human psyche are id, ego and superego.These parts of human psyche developed the complex behavior of a person.
In Deconstruction theory the meanings were taught always uncertain and in this theory they got plurality of meaning through decentering the text.
Determinate meanings are unquestionably settled, fixed and have defined limits but indeterminate meanings are not fixed, vague and have no defined limits.
Questions with Short Answers of Literary Theories and CriticismThe technical devices used by Sean O Casey in “Juno and The Paycock” are irony and wit, pathos and horror, symbols and mythology.
“Juno and the Paycock” is mixer of tragic and comic elements. Tragic elements are murder of Robbie, funeral of Robbie, Johnny character, Mary’s pregnancy, will did not fulfill, Johnny murder and Juno and Mary leave the home. Comic elements are Character of Boyle, character of Joxer, Johnny’s tension about the light that lit or not and the most comic event is when Joxer is hanging with window during this Boyle and Juno dancing.
Melodrama is a minor genre of drama. According to Dictionary of Literary Terms “A drama which relies on sensational happenings, violent action and improbable events. Originally melodrama meant a play with music, including early opera”.
Sean O’Casey is against war and violence. In the play “Juno and the Paycock” he criticizes the war and violence presenting the effects of war on individual and families like Mrs. Tancred and Juno’s family. The individual like Johnny shows the irrationality of the war.
Short Answers of Juno and the Paycock by Sean O’CaseyThe chorus comprise of Canterbury’s poor, common and plain women. These women are catholic and respect the Archbishop in the “Murder in The Cathedral”.
In the play “Murder in the Cathedral” the major purpose of the chorus here to develop the action of the play. Chorus also witness the events, indicates the fore coming events, play initiated. And drama ended by chorus. Chorus functions as critic and reformer.
“Murder in the Cathedral” is a Christian drama. In which, Thomas Becket murdered but secured the spiritual path for those who will come after him. Here Becket’s thought is optimistic.
It is pessimistic because Eliot depicts the life of suffering. Through the chorus’ pessimistic speeches, life of Becket, life of Canterbury’s women and the speeches of priests.
Canterbury’s poor, common and plain women in the shape of chorus singing in the play “Murder in The Cathedral” when it opens.
Short Answers of Murder in the Cathedral by T.S. EliotIntroduction: Short answers of Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidwa a Novel includes questions with short answers. And important terms definitions that used in the novel Crow Eaters.
Crow Eaters in Hindi and Urdu language means to be talkative. Parsi people are talkative so, Crow Eaters here symbolizes the Parsi’s culture.
Faredoon hated his mother-in-law whose name was Jerbano. Because, she interrupted each and every work of Faredoon in home.
The name of the Anglo-Indian girl and beloved of Yazdi was Rose Watson. Who was a part times prostitute.
Parsi people worshiped the fire and Ahura Mazda is their highest priest. They follow the prophet Zorothastra and read the holy book Vindidad.
Parsi community, Muslim community, Hindu community and English community are presented in the “Crow Eaters”.
Short Answers of Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidwa“Hellenic” means the ancient Greek culture or civilization before the death of Alexander the Great and “Hellenistic” means the culture or civilization of Greek with fusion of Persian culture after the death of Alexander the Great.
Thales (624BC-546BC) belongs to Miletus (Millet Turkey) and was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.
“Animism” is one religious belief about things, objects; creatures, places and universe possess soul or spirit.
Martin Luther (1483-1546) was the founder of “Lutheranism”. He believed that salvation was to be attained through faith and Bible is the ultimate authority not Pope. It is against the Roman Church and foundation of Protestants.
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was an English military leader later he served as Lord Protector of Common Wealth.
Short Answers of History of Western CivilizationIntroduction: Questions with Short answers of the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding includes the important questions asked in different University examinations.
Good and evil are the two traits the every human soul possesses in view of Golding.
Simon has strongest religious sensibility in ‘Lord of The Flies’. He is Christ like and saintly character.
The pig’s head surrounded by flies called by Simon as Lord of the Flies, the Jack as lord and surrounded by other children like flies.
Jack would hunt rather than build huts. His motto is to providing the meat to children and showing his savagery and violence.
Jack’s tribe headquarters is on the castle rock.
Here, I have updated the cherry orchard questions and answers. If you have any question about the drama The Cherry Orchard, please ask in the comments. Nazar Bazmi’s Notes
The drama The Cherry Orchard ends with the sounds of ax falling on the trees.
The significance of axes falling in ‘The Cherry Orchard’ is that it shows the end of cherry orchard. And end of feudalism and rise of capitalism.
Yepikhodov carry with him a revolver all the times. Just in case to kill oneself.
Madame Ranevsky suffer much in the Cherry Orchard. Because, of her luxurious life, her generosity, her refusal to accept capitalism. And also, her refusal to accept the truth of her past love.
Yasha is grandson of Firs and a young man servant of Madame Ranevsky. He traveled to France and came back to Russia with Ranevsky. He exploits Dunyasha’s love for physical pleasure and he is very fond of cigar.
Charlotta Ivanovna is the governess to Anya. She is comedian, performing magic tricks and mocking their preoccupations which around her.
Short Questions with Answers of ‘The Cherry Orchard’ by Anton Chekhov.